Brunei Darussalam
AI behavior law: bot and agent disclosure, crawler and training-data rules, automated-agent transactions, and algorithmic decision-making.
Summary
Brunei presents moderate crawling risk under a civil-law-influenced common-law system with no EU baseline. The Computer Misuse Act (Cap. 194, 2007 revision) criminalises unauthorised access to computer systems; public pages carry implicit authorisation. The Personal Data Protection Order 2025 (PDPO, gazetted 8 January 2025, operative 1 January 2026) is now in force — the one-year grace period has expired and AITI (Authority for the Information and Communication Technology Industry) is the enforcing authority. The PDPO applies to private-sector organisations and NGOs (not government entities), imposes GDPR-influenced obligations, and includes penalties up to BND 1 million (or 10% of annual Brunei turnover for larger organisations) or up to 3 years imprisonment. The Cybersecurity Act (Cap. 272, revised 2024) adds a parallel licensing and incident-reporting framework. No TDM copyright exception exists; the Copyright Order 1999 uses a narrow fair-dealing model. No sui generis database right. Implementing regulations and enforcement guidance from AITI are still emerging, warranting a continued fast_moving flag.
Automated-access legality
Carried forward from the crawler-law index. Governs whether automated clients may access public websites in this jurisdiction.
| Dimension | Value |
|---|---|
| Authorization test | without permission |
| Public-page carve-out | unsettled |
| Terms-of-service browsewrap enforceable | notice dependent |
| Terms-of-service clickwrap enforceable | yes |
| Copyright exception model | fair dealing narrow |
| Text and data mining — commercial status | prohibited |
| Text and data mining — opt-out mechanism | none |
| robots.txt legal weight | non binding notice |
| AI training-specific law | none |
| Privacy regime | Personal Data Protection Order 2025 (gazetted 8 January 2025, operative 1 January 2026; AITI as supervisory authority) |
| Trespass to chattels | not recognized |
Last reviewed: 2026-05-24. Confidence: medium. Fast-moving area — verify before relying. Not legal advice.