Colombia
AI behavior law: bot and agent disclosure, crawler and training-data rules, automated-agent transactions, and algorithmic decision-making.
Summary
Colombia presents low-to-medium risk for public-page crawling. The Código Penal art. 269A (added by Ley 1273/2009) criminalises acceso abusivo a sistema informático — access without authorisation or outside agreed terms, whether or not protected by security measures. The Supreme Court clarified in 2022 (SP592-2022) that the offence requires actual intent to access without right; public-page scraping has not been litigated. Copyright is governed by Ley 23/1982 as modified by Ley 1915/2018; a closed list of exceptions applies with no TDM exception. No EU-style sui generis database right exists. Data protection (Ley 1581/2012, enforced by the Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio) is robust and active — the SIC handled over 10,000 claims and consultations in 2024. Data protection is fast-moving: two reform bills (Proyecto 214/2025 and Proyecto 274/2025) were filed in August 2025 and are being consolidated in the Comisión Primera Constitucional Permanente; they propose GDPR-style updates including legitimate interest as a processing basis, extraterritorial scope, and fines up to 5% of operational income. As of May 2026 neither had been enacted. No scraping-specific case law.
Automated-access legality
Carried forward from the crawler-law index. Governs whether automated clients may access public websites in this jurisdiction.
| Dimension | Value |
|---|---|
| Authorization test | without permission |
| Public-page carve-out | unsettled |
| Terms-of-service browsewrap enforceable | notice dependent |
| Terms-of-service clickwrap enforceable | yes |
| Copyright exception model | closed list |
| Text and data mining — commercial status | prohibited |
| Text and data mining — opt-out mechanism | none |
| robots.txt legal weight | non binding notice |
| AI training-specific law | none |
| Privacy regime | Ley 1581/2012 (SIC regulator); GDPR-alignment reform bills pending as of May 2026 |
| Trespass to chattels | not recognized |
Last reviewed: 2026-05-24. Confidence: medium. Fast-moving area — verify before relying. Not legal advice.