Hungary
AI behavior law: bot and agent disclosure, crawler and training-data rules, automated-agent transactions, and algorithmic decision-making.
Summary
Hungary presents moderate risk for web crawlers. The Criminal Code (Btk.) §423 criminalises unauthorised access to an information system only where active technical protective measures are breached — crawling public pages carries no criminal exposure. Hungary was among the first two EU Member States to fully transpose the DSM Directive (2019/790), enacting changes to the Copyright Act (Szjt.) that entered into force 1 June 2021; the dual-track TDM system (research exception non-waivable; general commercial TDM subject to machine-readable opt-out) applies. The full EU sui generis database right applies. GDPR is enforced by the NAIH (Nemzeti Adatvédelmi és Információszabadság Hatóság). No scraping-specific statute or case law exists. The EU AI Act Art. 53 opt-out obligation is binding from August 2025 for GPAI providers.
Automated-access legality
Carried forward from the crawler-law index. Governs whether automated clients may access public websites in this jurisdiction.
| Dimension | Value |
|---|---|
| Authorization test | security mechanism bypass |
| Public-page carve-out | yes |
| Terms-of-service browsewrap enforceable | notice dependent |
| Terms-of-service clickwrap enforceable | yes |
| Copyright exception model | tdm dual track |
| Text and data mining — commercial status | with optout |
| Text and data mining — opt-out mechanism | robots txt |
| robots.txt legal weight | evidentiary |
| AI training-specific law | binding |
| Privacy regime | GDPR |
| Trespass to chattels | not recognized |
Last reviewed: 2026-05-23. Confidence: medium. Fast-moving area — verify before relying. Not legal advice.