Montenegro

Summary

Montenegro presents low crawling risk for public pages. Criminal Code Art. 353 criminalises unauthorized computer access and requires either bypassing protection measures or accessing systems of significance to state authorities — crawling publicly accessible pages without overcoming any technical barrier is outside the offence. The Law on Copyright and Related Rights (OG No. 37/2011, as amended OG 53/2016 and 145/2021) provides a comprehensive sui generis database right directly transposing EU Directive 96/9/EC; the 2021 amendment harmonized the law with DSM provisions including a TDM research exception, which represents a meaningful (if narrow) carveout. The current Personal Data Protection Law (OG No. 79/08 et seq., last amended 77/2024) is only partially GDPR-aligned; a comprehensive new GDPR-aligned law is in draft and expected but has not been adopted as of May 2026. A new Law on Information Security came into force in December 2024 addressing cybersecurity infrastructure. No AI-specific law exists. As an EU accession candidate, Montenegro's IPR framework tracks EU standards but EU law itself does not apply.