Romania
AI behavior law: bot and agent disclosure, crawler and training-data rules, automated-agent transactions, and algorithmic decision-making.
Summary
Romania presents moderate risk for web crawlers. The Criminal Code (Cod penal) Art. 360 criminalises access "without right" to a computer system; courts have interpreted this broadly — even weak or absent passwords do not authorise access — but the provision is primarily aimed at intrusion into secured systems, and public pages without technical barriers present low criminal exposure. Romania transposed the DSM Directive (2019/790) via Law 69/2022 (published in Monitorul Oficial on 1 April 2022), implementing the dual-track TDM exceptions; commercial TDM on public content is permitted subject to a machine-readable opt-out (e.g. robots.txt). The full EU sui generis database right applies. GDPR is enforced by ANSPDCP. No scraping-specific statute or published case law exists; the framework mirrors the general EU pattern. The EU AI Act Art. 53 opt-out obligation is binding from August 2025 for GPAI providers.
Automated-access legality
Carried forward from the crawler-law index. Governs whether automated clients may access public websites in this jurisdiction.
| Dimension | Value |
|---|---|
| Authorization test | security mechanism bypass |
| Public-page carve-out | yes |
| Terms-of-service browsewrap enforceable | notice dependent |
| Terms-of-service clickwrap enforceable | yes |
| Copyright exception model | tdm dual track |
| Text and data mining — commercial status | with optout |
| Text and data mining — opt-out mechanism | robots txt |
| robots.txt legal weight | evidentiary |
| AI training-specific law | binding |
| Privacy regime | GDPR |
| Trespass to chattels | not recognized |
Last reviewed: 2026-05-23. Confidence: medium. Fast-moving area — verify before relying. Not legal advice.