North Dakota
AI behavior law: bot and agent disclosure, crawler and training-data rules, automated-agent transactions, and algorithmic decision-making.
Summary
North Dakota has no enacted general-purpose AI accountability law — no chatbot disclosure mandate for private commercial use, no automated decision-making framework, and no crawler or training-data statute. The 69th Legislative Assembly (2025 session) did enact four targeted laws touching AI: a disclosure requirement for artificially-generated content in political advertising (HB 1167, effective August 1, 2025); a prohibition on using AI solely to deny health-insurance prior-authorization requests, with licensed-physician review required (SB 2280, effective January 1, 2026); a civil-and-criminal penalty scheme for non-consensual AI-generated intimate images (HB 1351, effective August 1, 2025); and updates to harassment and stalking statutes covering robot-mediated conduct (HB 1429, effective August 1, 2025). North Dakota holds biennial legislative sessions in odd-numbered years, so the next opportunity to broaden the AI framework is 2027.
Enacted law
Government obligations
| Instrument | Category | Effective | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| North Dakota HB 1167 — AI Disclosure in Political Advertising (N.D. HB 1167, 69th Legislative Assembly (2025); codified at N.D. Cent. Code ch. 16.1-10) | Bot / agent disclosure | 2025-08-01 | North Dakota Legislative Branch official bill overview; bill text at https://ndlegis.gov/assembly/69-2025/regular/documents/25-0529-02000.pdf; North Dakota Monitor reporting (2025-01-17) |
| North Dakota HB 1351 — Non-Consensual Intimate Images Including AI-Generated Deepfakes (N.D. HB 1351, 69th Legislative Assembly (2025); amends N.D. Cent. Code ch. 12.1-17) | Bot / agent disclosure | 2025-08-01 | North Dakota Legislative Branch official bill overview; Bismarck Tribune / InForum reporting (February 2025); North Dakota Monitor deepfake coverage |
| North Dakota HB 1429 — Harassment and Stalking with a Robot (N.D. HB 1429, 69th Legislative Assembly (2025); amends N.D. Cent. Code §§ 12.1-17-07, 12.1-17-07.1) | Agents acting on behalf of users | 2025-08-01 | North Dakota Legislative Branch official bill overview; PolicyEngage / TrackBill bill summary; AI and News blog (2025) |
Private sector obligations
| Instrument | Category | Effective | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| North Dakota HB 1167 — AI Disclosure in Political Advertising (N.D. HB 1167, 69th Legislative Assembly (2025); codified at N.D. Cent. Code ch. 16.1-10) | Bot / agent disclosure | 2025-08-01 | North Dakota Legislative Branch official bill overview; bill text at https://ndlegis.gov/assembly/69-2025/regular/documents/25-0529-02000.pdf; North Dakota Monitor reporting (2025-01-17) |
| North Dakota HB 1351 — Non-Consensual Intimate Images Including AI-Generated Deepfakes (N.D. HB 1351, 69th Legislative Assembly (2025); amends N.D. Cent. Code ch. 12.1-17) | Bot / agent disclosure | 2025-08-01 | North Dakota Legislative Branch official bill overview; Bismarck Tribune / InForum reporting (February 2025); North Dakota Monitor deepfake coverage |
| North Dakota HB 1429 — Harassment and Stalking with a Robot (N.D. HB 1429, 69th Legislative Assembly (2025); amends N.D. Cent. Code §§ 12.1-17-07, 12.1-17-07.1) | Agents acting on behalf of users | 2025-08-01 | North Dakota Legislative Branch official bill overview; PolicyEngage / TrackBill bill summary; AI and News blog (2025) |
| North Dakota SB 2280 — Prior Authorization Reform (Prohibition on AI-Only Adverse Determinations) (N.D. SB 2280, 69th Legislative Assembly (2025); codified at N.D. Cent. Code ch. 26.1-36.12) | Automated decision-making | 2026-01-01 | North Dakota Legislative Branch official bill overview; American Bar Association Health Law news (2025); InForum/North Dakota Monitor reporting (April 2025); GovTech (2025) |