New York
AI behavior law: bot and agent disclosure, crawler and training-data rules, automated-agent transactions, and algorithmic decision-making.
Summary
New York has enacted a layered stack of AI-behavior laws across state and municipal levels. New York City's Local Law 144 (effective 2023) was one of the first laws in the country to require annual independent bias audits of automated employment decision tools used in hiring and promotion. At the state level, New York enacted the LOADinG Act (Chapter 674 of 2024, effective July 1, 2025) imposing impact-assessment and human-oversight mandates on state agencies using automated decision-making. The AI Companion Safeguard Law (General Business Law Article 47, effective November 5, 2025) requires operators of AI companion systems to disclose their artificial nature and implement mental-health safeguards. The Synthetic Performer Disclosure Law (signed December 2025, effective June 9, 2026) mandates conspicuous disclosure when AI-generated human likenesses appear in advertising. The Responsible AI Safety and Education Act (RAISE Act, signed December 2025, chapter-amended March 2026, effective January 1, 2027) imposes safety-protocol and incident-reporting obligations on developers of large frontier AI models, administered by a new oversight office within the Department of Financial Services. A significant wave of additional bills — covering AI training-data transparency, a ban on AI companion chatbots for minors, AI content provenance watermarking, and liability for chatbots that give professional advice — passed both legislative chambers in June 2026 and awaits the Governor's signature. No enacted law at the state level yet specifically addresses web-crawler access rights or text and data mining opt-outs beyond the RAISE Act's training-data provisions.
Enacted law
Government obligations
| Instrument | Category | Effective | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Election Law Amendment: Disclosure of AI-Generated Deceptive Political Media (N.Y. Election Law § 14-106 (as amended by FY 2025 Budget Act, 2024)) | Bot / agent disclosure | 2024-04-20 | Greenberg Traurig (gtlaw.com); New York State Attorney General (ag.ny.gov) |
| Legislative Oversight of Automated Decision-making in Government (LOADinG) Act (N.Y. State Technology Law §§ 105-a et seq. (A9430B / S7543A, Ch. 674 of 2024)) | Automated decision-making | 2025-07-01 | DataGuidance (dataguidance.com); StateScoop (statescoop.com); BABL AI (babl.ai) |
Private sector obligations
| Instrument | Category | Effective | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| AI Companion Safeguard Law (N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law §§ 1700–1704 (enacted May 2025, as part of state budget)) | Bot / agent disclosure | 2025-11-05 | Fenwick (fenwick.com); Manatt (manatt.com); Morrison Foerster (mofo.com) |
| Election Law Amendment: Disclosure of AI-Generated Deceptive Political Media (N.Y. Election Law § 14-106 (as amended by FY 2025 Budget Act, 2024)) | Bot / agent disclosure | 2024-04-20 | Greenberg Traurig (gtlaw.com); New York State Attorney General (ag.ny.gov) |
| New York City Automated Employment Decision Tools (AEDT) Bias Audit Law (N.Y.C. Admin. Code § 20-870 et seq. (Local Law 144 of 2021)) | Automated decision-making | 2023-07-05 | NYC Department of Consumer and Worker Protection (nyc.gov); Deloitte (deloitte.com) |
| Responsible AI Safety and Education Act (RAISE Act) (N.Y. Financial Services Law Art. 3 (S6953B / A6453B, Ch. of 2025, as amended March 2026)) | Crawlers & training data, Automated decision-making | 2027-01-01 | Governor of New York (governor.ny.gov); Wiley (wiley.law); DLA Piper (dlapiper.com); Morrison Foerster (mofo.com) |
| Synthetic Performer Disclosure Law (N.Y. Arts & Cultural Affairs Law (S8420-A / A8887-B, signed December 11, 2025)) | Bot / agent disclosure | 2026-06-09 | Skadden (skadden.com); Cooley (cooley.com); Lowenstein Sandler (lowenstein.com) |
Drafted & in discussion
| Instrument | Status | Applies to | Category | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chatbot Professional Advice Liability Bill (S7263A) (N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law (S7263A, passed Senate committee February 2026, pending floor vote)) | In committee | Private sector | Bot / agent disclosure | Holland & Knight (hklaw.com); Perkins Coie (perkinscoie.com) |
| New York Artificial Intelligence Act (S1169A) (N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law (S1169A, passed Senate June 2025, stalled in Assembly)) | In committee | Private sector | Automated decision-making, Agents acting on behalf of users | EPIC (epic.org); K&L Gates (klgates.com) |
| AI Content Provenance and Stop Deepfakes Act (S6954A) (N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law (S6954A / A6540A, passed both chambers June 2026, awaiting Governor)) | Proposed | Private sector | Bot / agent disclosure | PolicyEngage / TrackBill (trackbill.com); Transparency Coalition (transparencycoalition.ai) |
| AI Training Data Transparency Act (N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law (A6578B / S6955, passed both chambers June 2026, awaiting Governor)) | Proposed | Private sector | Crawlers & training data | Transparency Coalition (transparencycoalition.ai); New York State Assembly (nysenate.gov) |
| Children's AI Companion Chatbot Prohibition (S9051B) (N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law (S9051B, passed both chambers June 2026, awaiting Governor)) | Proposed | Private sector | Bot / agent disclosure | TechTimes (techtimes.com); New York Senate (nysenate.gov); Digital Watch Observatory (dig.watch) |
Automated-access legality
Carried forward from the crawler-law index. Governs whether automated clients may access public websites in this jurisdiction.
| Dimension | Value |
|---|---|
| Authorization test | without permission |
| Public-page carve-out | yes |
| Terms-of-service browsewrap enforceable | notice dependent |
| Terms-of-service clickwrap enforceable | yes |
| Copyright exception model | fair use |
| Text and data mining — commercial status | unsettled |
| Text and data mining — opt-out mechanism | none |
| robots.txt legal weight | evidentiary |
| AI training-specific law | none |
| Privacy regime | SHIELD Act (data security); no comprehensive consumer privacy act |
| Trespass to chattels | requires harm |
Last reviewed: 2026-05-23. Confidence: high. Not legal advice.