Colombia
Estatuto Orgánico del Presupuesto (Decreto 111/1996) y Ley Orgánica Contraloría (Ley 42/1993)
Decreto 111/1996 EOP; Ley 42/1993 CGR; Ley 819/2003 RF; Ley 80/1993; Ley 1150/2007; Ley 2195/2022; Ley 2112/2021 CARF; Ley 1712/2014… ; Const. 1991 Arts. 267-274, 345-352
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Colombia's fiscal transparency framework is anchored by the 1991 Constitution (Arts. 267-274 CGR, Arts. 345-352 budget) and the Estatuto Orgánico del Presupuesto (EOP, Decreto 111/1996). The Contraloría General de la República (CGR) achieves maximum auditor independence. The Contralor is elected by Congress in full joint session (Const. Art. 267); Acto Legislativo 04/2019 added concurrent/preventive real-time fiscal control. SECOP II provides transaction-level procurement transparency; CARF (Ley 2112/2021) is the independent fiscal council. OBS 2023 T=50 (below adequacy) reflects absence of Mid-Year Review, not weak statutory architecture. Six PEFA assessments including 2024 triple assessment confirm institutional depth.
Transparency Requirements
Budget Publicationmax 12 pts
| Budget publication required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Budget published online | ✓ Yes |
| Budget publication timeline | 153 days before fiscal year |
| Machine-readable budget format | No |
| Draft budget required before adoption | ✓ Yes |
Expenditure Disclosuremax 12 pts
| Expenditure disclosure required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Expenditure granularity | transaction |
| Public expenditure portal required | ✓ Yes |
| Expenditure reporting frequency | monthly |
Independent Auditmax 12 pts
| Audit required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Auditor independent of entity | ✓ Yes |
| Auditor selection method | elected |
| Audit frequency | annual |
| Audit reports public | ✓ Yes |
| Audit scope | financial performance |
Contract & Procurementmax 10 pts
| Public bidding required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Contract publication required | ✓ Yes |
| Bid award disclosure | ✓ Yes |
| Beneficial ownership disclosure | ✓ Yes |
Debt & Liability Disclosuremax 10 pts
| Debt disclosure required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Pension liability disclosure | No |
| Contingent liability disclosure | ✓ Yes |
| Voter approval required for new debt | No |
Fiscal Reporting Frequencymax 10 pts
| Interim reporting required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Interim reporting frequency | monthly |
| Year-end report deadline | 180 days after fiscal year |
| Citizens budget required | ✓ Yes |
Enforcement & Oversightmax 10 pts
| Non-compliance penalties | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Fiscal oversight body | ✓ Yes |
| Whistleblower protections | ✓ Yes |
| Legislative budget office | No |
Revenue & Tax Transparencymax 8 pts
| Tax expenditure reporting | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Revenue forecasting required | ✓ Yes |
| Tax rate publication | ✓ Yes |
| Fee schedule publication | ✓ Yes |
Compensation & Payrollmax 8 pts
| Salary disclosure required | No |
|---|---|
| Salary disclosure scope | — |
| Pension benefit disclosure | No |
| Overtime reporting | No |
Capital & Asset Disclosuremax 8 pts
| Capital plan required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Asset inventory required | No |
| Surplus asset disposal transparency | No |