Constitution of Monaco (1962, revised 2002) Arts. 37–42, 70–73; Loi n° 748 du 2 mai 1960 (loi sur le budget de l'État — text unconfirmed; legimonaco.mc JS-rendered)

Monaco's fiscal transparency framework derives primarily from the Constitution of Monaco (1962, revised 2002) and the Loi n° 748 du 2 mai 1960 (budget statute — text unconfirmed; legimonaco.mc is JS-rendered and primary text was not retrieved during research). Constitutional basis: Arts. 70–73 grant the Conseil National (24-member legislature) annual budget approval authority; Art. 73 establishes the Cour supérieure des comptes as the post-audit body; Arts. 37–42 govern state finances and reserve fund mechanisms (Art. 41: surplus allocated to reserve — implying some surplus disposal transparency). STRUCTURAL GAPS: Monaco is not an EU member and is not subject to EU procurement directives (EU Dir 2014/24/EU), EU whistleblower directive (Dir 2019/1937), or EU Two-Pack (Regulation 473/2013). No IFI equivalent exists; no parliamentary budget office; no confirmed competitive bidding statute; no confirmed whistleblower protection statute. Monaco uses the EU Monetary Agreement (2012) and issues euro coins but is NOT subject to EU fiscal governance frameworks applicable to EU Member States. The Cour supérieure des comptes has a financial (post-audit) mandate; performance audit scope is not confirmed from primary sources. SCORE NOTE: Monaco's score of 34/100 reflects genuine legal uncertainty (JS-rendered primary sources) plus the structural absence of EU-equivalent fiscal governance institutions typical of the micro-state context. Currency: EUR (EU Monetary Agreement); fiscal year: calendar year.

Transparency Requirements