Financial Procedure and Fiscal Responsibility Act 2076 BS (2019 CE) and Audit Act 2075 BS (2018 CE)

Nepal's fiscal transparency framework rests on the Financial Procedure and Fiscal Responsibility Act 2076 BS (2019 CE), the Audit Act 2075 BS (2018 CE), and the Public Procurement Act 2063 BS (2007 CE), underpinned by the Constitution of Nepal 2015 (Arts. 240-253). The Office of the Auditor General of Nepal (OAGN) has broad financial, compliance, and performance audit mandate; the AG is appointed by the President on Constitutional Council recommendation — a multi-party body including the Leader of Opposition — equivalent to the Sri Lanka model and stronger than Bangladesh/Pakistan executive appointment. The Constitution created a three-tier federal system (federal, provincial, local) with significant fiscal implications including inter-governmental transfers and provincial Consolidated Funds. PEFA 2024 (Framework 2016; PEFA Check confirmed) is the primary diagnostic reference; Nepal completed 9 PEFA assessments total (6 public, 3 non-public). Nepal also completed a gender-responsive PFM assessment in 2024. GIWMS CMS failure on .gov.np English subpages was a systematic access barrier during batch research. No IFI; the NNRFC (Art. 251) governs intergovernmental transfers, not fiscal oversight. OBS anchor: IBP OBS T=35 (secondary source; 2019 round). No IMF FTE identified. FY: mid-July to mid-July (Bikram Sambat calendar). Currency: NPR.

Transparency Requirements