India
Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act 2003
Act No. 39 of 2003 (as amended by Act No. 30 of 2018) + Constitution of India Arts. 112-151 + CAG Act 1971 (Act No. 56 of 1971)
56
out of 100
limited
34 of 37 scored fields populated.
Higher = stronger statutory transparency requirements.
India's national fiscal framework combines constitutional mandates (Art. 112 Annual Financial Statement; Arts. 148-151 independent CAG), the FRBM Act 2003 (fiscal deficit and debt ceilings; mandatory medium-term fiscal statements), and the CAG Act 1971. The Union Budget is tabled on 1 February each year. The CAG, appointed by the President and removable only by Parliamentary address, audits 36,000+ entities and tables reports in Parliament. A fiscal council introduced in 2018 remains non-operational; independent oversight is provided by the CAG and Lok Sabha PAC.
Transparency Requirements
Budget Publicationmax 12 pts
| Budget publication required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Budget published online | ✓ Yes |
| Budget publication timeline | 59 days before fiscal year |
| Machine-readable budget format | No |
| Draft budget required before adoption | No |
Expenditure Disclosuremax 12 pts
| Expenditure disclosure required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Expenditure granularity | department |
| Public expenditure portal required | No |
| Expenditure reporting frequency | annual |
Independent Auditmax 12 pts
| Audit required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Auditor independent of entity | ✓ Yes |
| Auditor selection method | appointed independent |
| Audit frequency | annual |
| Audit reports public | ✓ Yes |
| Audit scope | financial performance |
Contract & Procurementmax 10 pts
| Public bidding required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Public bidding threshold | 2,500,000 INR |
| Contract publication required | ✓ Yes |
| Bid award disclosure | ✓ Yes |
| Beneficial ownership disclosure | No |
Debt & Liability Disclosuremax 10 pts
| Debt disclosure required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Pension liability disclosure | — |
| Contingent liability disclosure | — |
| Voter approval required for new debt | No |
Fiscal Reporting Frequencymax 10 pts
| Interim reporting required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Interim reporting frequency | — |
| Year-end report deadline | 180 days after fiscal year |
| Citizens budget required | No |
Enforcement & Oversightmax 10 pts
| Non-compliance penalties | No |
|---|---|
| Fiscal oversight body | ✓ Yes |
| Whistleblower protections | ✓ Yes |
| Legislative budget office | ✓ Yes |
Revenue & Tax Transparencymax 8 pts
| Tax expenditure reporting | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Revenue forecasting required | ✓ Yes |
| Tax rate publication | ✓ Yes |
| Fee schedule publication | No |
Compensation & Payrollmax 8 pts
| Salary disclosure required | No |
|---|---|
| Salary disclosure scope | — |
| Pension benefit disclosure | — |
| Overtime reporting | No |
Capital & Asset Disclosuremax 8 pts
| Capital plan required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Asset inventory required | No |
| Surplus asset disposal transparency | No |