Kazakhstan
Constitution of Kazakhstan 1995 Arts. 53-61, 66, 88 (rev. 2017); Budget Code of Kazakhstan 2008; Law on Supreme Audit Chamber 2023; Law on Public Procurement 2015 (EAEU-aligned)
Konstituciya RK Arts. 53-61, 66, 88 (1995, rev. 2017; constituteproject.org/constitution/Kazakhstan_2017); Byudzhetny kodeks RK (04.12.2008); Zakon RK o Zhogargy Audit Palatasy 2023; Zakon RK o gosudarstvennykh zakupkakh (04.12.2015)
Kazakhstan's national fiscal transparency framework rests on the Constitution (1995, revised 2017) Arts. 53-61, 66, and 88, and the Budget Code of Kazakhstan (2008). The Supreme Audit Chamber (Zhogary Auditarlyq Palata — rebranded 2023, replacing the former Accounts Committee) is the SAI with Majilis (lower house) consent for appointment. Kazakhstan has NO standalone independent fiscal institution (IFI) and no legislative budget office. As an EAEU founding member (2015), the EAEU Treaty on Public Procurement applies alongside the domestic Law on Public Procurement (2015). budget.gov.kz is a comprehensive fiscal portal providing quarterly execution data and MTEF projections. No budget submission deadline confirmed from primary sources (budget_timeline_days=NULL). The National Fund (Natsionalny fond) for oil revenue sterilization publishes management reports (surplus_disposal_transparency=True). Quarterly reporting confirmed (expenditure_frequency='quarterly'). Citizens' budget not required by statute. State asset registry under Law on State Property. Contingent liability tracking in budget execution reports (60% GDP debt ceiling under Const. Art. 54). Source gaps: Budget Code primary text not separately extracted; budget.gov.kz accessible. Currency: KZT (Kazakhstani tenge); fiscal year: calendar year.
Transparency Requirements
Budget Publicationmax 12 pts
| Budget publication required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Budget published online | ✓ Yes |
| Budget publication timeline | — |
| Machine-readable budget format | — |
| Draft budget required before adoption | ✓ Yes |
Expenditure Disclosuremax 12 pts
| Expenditure disclosure required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Expenditure granularity | department |
| Public expenditure portal required | — |
| Expenditure reporting frequency | quarterly |
Independent Auditmax 12 pts
| Audit required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Auditor independent of entity | ✓ Yes |
| Auditor selection method | appointed independent |
| Audit frequency | annual |
| Audit reports public | ✓ Yes |
| Audit scope | financial performance |
Contract & Procurementmax 10 pts
| Public bidding required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Contract publication required | ✓ Yes |
| Bid award disclosure | ✓ Yes |
| Beneficial ownership disclosure | No |
Debt & Liability Disclosuremax 10 pts
| Debt disclosure required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Pension liability disclosure | — |
| Contingent liability disclosure | ✓ Yes |
| Voter approval required for new debt | No |
Fiscal Reporting Frequencymax 10 pts
| Interim reporting required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Interim reporting frequency | quarterly |
| Year-end report deadline | 180 days after fiscal year |
| Citizens budget required | No |
Enforcement & Oversightmax 10 pts
| Non-compliance penalties | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Fiscal oversight body | No |
| Whistleblower protections | ✓ Yes |
| Legislative budget office | No |
Revenue & Tax Transparencymax 8 pts
| Tax expenditure reporting | — |
|---|---|
| Revenue forecasting required | ✓ Yes |
| Tax rate publication | ✓ Yes |
| Fee schedule publication | — |
Compensation & Payrollmax 8 pts
| Salary disclosure required | — |
|---|---|
| Salary disclosure scope | — |
| Pension benefit disclosure | — |
| Overtime reporting | — |
Capital & Asset Disclosuremax 8 pts
| Capital plan required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Asset inventory required | ✓ Yes |
| Surplus asset disposal transparency | ✓ Yes |