Nigeria
Fiscal Responsibility Act 2007 (federal)
FRA 2007 + Constitution of Nigeria 1999 (ss.80-89) + Public Procurement Act 2007 + Finance (Control and Management) Act
Nigeria's federal fiscal transparency framework rests on three pillars: the Constitution of Nigeria 1999 (ss.80-89, establishing the Consolidated Revenue Fund, appropriation requirement, and Auditor-General for the Federation); the Fiscal Responsibility Act 2007 (establishing the Fiscal Responsibility Commission, mandatory three-year MTEF, fiscal rules, and public disclosure obligations); and the Public Procurement Act 2007 (establishing the Bureau of Public Procurement and the NOCOPO open contracting portal). Supplementary layers include the Nigeria Sovereign Investment Authority Act 2011 (SWF transparency) and the Petroleum Industry Act 2021 (oil sector fiscal governance). The 2014-2016 GIFMIS deployment and the 2015 Treasury Single Account (TSA) policy significantly improved federal cash management transparency in practice. IBP OBS 2023 scores: Transparency 45/100, Participation 26/100, Oversight 61/100. Scope: federal government framework only (Nigeria's 36 states and FCT have separate PFM frameworks).
Transparency Requirements
Budget Publicationmax 12 pts
| Budget publication required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Budget published online | ✓ Yes |
| Budget publication timeline | 90 days before fiscal year |
| Machine-readable budget format | No |
| Draft budget required before adoption | ✓ Yes |
Expenditure Disclosuremax 12 pts
| Expenditure disclosure required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Expenditure granularity | department |
| Public expenditure portal required | No |
| Expenditure reporting frequency | annual |
Independent Auditmax 12 pts
| Audit required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Auditor independent of entity | ✓ Yes |
| Auditor selection method | appointed independent |
| Audit frequency | annual |
| Audit reports public | ✓ Yes |
| Audit scope | financial performance |
Contract & Procurementmax 10 pts
| Public bidding required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Contract publication required | ✓ Yes |
| Bid award disclosure | ✓ Yes |
| Beneficial ownership disclosure | No |
Debt & Liability Disclosuremax 10 pts
| Debt disclosure required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Pension liability disclosure | — |
| Contingent liability disclosure | ✓ Yes |
| Voter approval required for new debt | No |
Fiscal Reporting Frequencymax 10 pts
| Interim reporting required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Interim reporting frequency | quarterly |
| Year-end report deadline | 90 days after fiscal year |
| Citizens budget required | No |
Enforcement & Oversightmax 10 pts
| Non-compliance penalties | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Fiscal oversight body | ✓ Yes |
| Whistleblower protections | — |
| Legislative budget office | ✓ Yes |
Revenue & Tax Transparencymax 8 pts
| Tax expenditure reporting | — |
|---|---|
| Revenue forecasting required | ✓ Yes |
| Tax rate publication | ✓ Yes |
| Fee schedule publication | — |
Compensation & Payrollmax 8 pts
| Salary disclosure required | — |
|---|---|
| Salary disclosure scope | — |
| Pension benefit disclosure | — |
| Overtime reporting | — |
Capital & Asset Disclosuremax 8 pts
| Capital plan required | ✓ Yes |
|---|---|
| Asset inventory required | — |
| Surplus asset disposal transparency | ✓ Yes |