Norway's Local Government Act 2018 (replacing the 1992 Act) establishes § 11-5 as the general open-meetings rule for municipal and county councils and their executive bodies. The default is åpne møter (open meetings); closed meetings are permitted only for specific categories enumerated in § 11-5(2)–(5): statutory secrecy, personnel matters, or where confidentiality is required by §§ 13-1 ff. Decisions made in illegally closed meetings are invalid. The Sivilombudet (Parliamentary Ombud) handles complaints about closure decisions. Kommuneloven also provides for remote participation (§ 11-7) post-2020 amendments.
